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Glossary

DPP & ESPR Glossary

25 key terms from the Digital Product Passport and ESPR regulation ecosystem, clearly defined for brands, manufacturers and sustainability teams.

Carbon Footprint (PCF)
The total greenhouse gas emissions associated with one unit of a product, expressed in kilograms of CO₂ equivalent (kg CO₂e), calculated according to a defined methodology (e.g. PEF or GHG Protocol). The Product Carbon Footprint (PCF) is a mandatory or strongly recommended field in most ESPR delegated acts.
Circular Economy
An economic model designed to minimise waste and maximise resource use by keeping products, components and materials in use for as long as possible through reuse, repair, remanufacturing and recycling. The DPP is a cornerstone tool of the EU's Circular Economy Action Plan.
Delegated Act
A piece of European Commission legislation that specifies the exact DPP data requirements for a given product category (textiles, batteries, electronics, etc.) under the framework established by ESPR. Each delegated act defines mandatory data fields, data carriers, verification methods and enforcement dates for its sector.
DPP — Digital Product Passport
An EU-mandated digital document that contains standardised information about a product's composition, environmental performance, repairability and end-of-life management. Required under ESPR (Regulation 2024/1781) and made accessible via a QR code or GS1 Digital Link attached to the physical product.Learn more about DPP →
Ecodesign
A design methodology that systematically integrates environmental criteria — such as energy efficiency, durability, repairability and recyclability — into product development from the earliest stages. ESPR mandates ecodesign requirements for regulated product categories, and the DPP is the evidence layer that verifies compliance.
Economic Operator
Any natural or legal person who manufactures, imports, distributes or otherwise places a product on the EU market and therefore bears obligations under ESPR. Economic operators are responsible for creating, maintaining and updating the Digital Product Passport for their products.
EPR — Extended Producer Responsibility
A policy principle that holds producers financially and/or physically responsible for the end-of-life management of their products. EPR schemes (e.g. for packaging, electronics, textiles) interact with DPP requirements by making recyclability and take-back data mandatory for compliance.
ESPR — Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation
EU Regulation 2024/1781, adopted in June 2024, replacing the 2009 Ecodesign Directive. ESPR sets product-specific sustainability requirements and mandates the Digital Product Passport for most product categories sold on the EU market. Sector-specific obligations are defined in delegated acts.ESPR compliance for SMEs →
EU Ecolabel
The European Union's official voluntary eco-certification mark (the 'flower' logo), awarded to products and services that meet strict environmental criteria throughout their life cycle. EU Ecolabel status can be referenced in a product's DPP as proof of sustainability performance.
GLN — Global Location Number
A 13-digit GS1 identifier assigned to any legal entity, functional entity or physical location involved in the supply chain (factory, warehouse, brand). GLNs are used in DPPs to unambiguously identify manufacturers, importers and distributors without disclosing confidential business information.
GOTS — Global Organic Textile Standard
The world's leading processing standard for textiles made from certified organic natural fibres. GOTS certification covers ecological and social criteria at all post-harvest stages and is recognised as a qualifying certification for certain DPP fields related to fibre origin and chemical use.Textile DPP →
GRS — Global Recycled Standard
An international, voluntary standard that sets requirements for third-party certification of recycled material content and chain of custody. A GRS-certified product can claim verified percentages of pre- and post-consumer recycled inputs, a key data point in textile and battery DPPs.Battery DPP →
GTIN — Global Trade Item Number
A globally unique GS1 identifier (8 to 14 digits) used to identify trade items such as individual products or product variants. The GTIN is the primary product identifier within a DPP and forms the core of a GS1 Digital Link URI.
JSON-LD
A lightweight, machine-readable data format based on JSON, used to embed structured data into web pages. In the DPP context, JSON-LD serialises product passport data so that search engines, regulators and supply-chain systems can automatically parse and validate the information.
LCA — Life Cycle Assessment
A standardised methodology (ISO 14040/14044) for evaluating the environmental impacts of a product across its entire life cycle: raw material extraction, manufacturing, transport, use and end-of-life disposal. LCA data feeds into both PEF calculations and DPP fields.
OEKO-TEX Standard 100
A test and certification system for textile materials and products, ensuring they are free from harmful substances at every processing stage. OEKO-TEX Standard 100 certification is relevant to SCIP/REACH compliance declarations within a textile Digital Product Passport.
PEF — Product Environmental Footprint
A Life Cycle Assessment methodology developed by the European Commission to measure the environmental impact of products across 16 impact categories, including climate change, water use and resource depletion. PEF results can be included in a Digital Product Passport.
PEFCR — PEF Category Rules
Sector-specific rules that adapt the general PEF methodology to a given product category (e.g. Apparel & Footwear, Batteries). PEFCRs define which life-cycle stages and data sources to use, ensuring comparability between competing products.
REACH
EU Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals. REACH requires manufacturers and importers to identify and manage risks linked to the substances they make and supply. Substances of Very High Concern (SVHCs) identified under REACH must be disclosed in the DPP via the SCIP database.
Recyclability
The proportion of a product's materials or components that can be effectively recovered and recycled at end of life, typically expressed as a percentage by weight. Recyclability scores and recycling instructions are key DPP fields under ESPR, promoting circular design choices.
SCIP — Substances of Concern In Products
An ECHA database collecting information on articles containing substances of very high concern (SVHCs) in concentrations above 0.1% w/w. Economic operators must submit SCIP notifications, and the relevant data must be referenced in the product's Digital Product Passport.
Supply Chain Traceability
The ability to track and document the origin, transformation and movement of a product and its components throughout the supply chain. ESPR-compliant DPPs must carry traceability information such as country of manufacture, supplier GLNs and material sourcing locations.
UNTP — UN Transparency Protocol
A United Nations initiative that defines open standards (verifiable credentials, digital product passports, traceability graphs) for transparent and interoperable supply chains. The UNTP aligns closely with the EU DPP requirements and enables global cross-border traceability.
Verifiable Credential
A cryptographically signed digital certificate (W3C standard) that allows a third party — such as an auditor, retailer or regulator — to verify the authenticity and integrity of a claim (e.g. recycled content, carbon footprint) in a product passport without contacting the original issuer.

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